پژوهشنامه تاریخ تشیع
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1399)

The account of the events of the life of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) after the death of the Prophet is very controversial. One of the oldest works on this subject is Al-Tabqat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa'd, which is considered to be the most important work on the companions of women. Leading research that has been done by descriptive-analytical method seeks to find Ibn Sa'd's views and ideological tendencies. The findings of this study show that Ibn Sa'd, by adhering to principles such as the justice of the Companions, not expressing the differences of the Companions and the necessity of elaborating on the Shaykhs, has expressed and modified the narrations in expressing what contradicts his theological beliefs. He has refrained from raising controversial issues, especially the news about the succession of the Prophet (PBUH) and the issues that led to the illness and death of Fatima (PBUH). In the story of Fadak, he has represented Abu Bakr as a righteous man and a follower of the Messenger of God (PBUH).

Imam Ali (AS) is a unique figure that many Shiite and Sunni poets have praised and expressed their virtues, and in this regard have reminded them of their true faith and righteousness. Sheikh Hussein Al-Najaf, the Shiiae poet of the thirteenth century in Iraq, reflects his commitment to the Shiite religion and the defense of the legitimacy of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in his poem. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the virtues and virtues of the pious Mawlawi in his poems by descriptive-analytical method and citing the Divan of this fascinated Shiite poet. The results of the research indicate that the poet has expressed his virtues in a fluent and clear language and by quoting the verses of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). Al-Najaf Historical events and important wars in the life of the Prophet (pbuh) such as; Reflects the war of Badr, Hanin, Uhud, Khandagh, etc., and in this way, rhetorical beauties such as; It has used beautiful allusions, metaphors and similes. In addition, the poet to express the courage and bravery of the Imam, his status and intercession, from the important events of the time of the Imam (AS) such as; Laylat al-Mubayt, the issue of Ghadir, the rejection of the sun, the division of fire and paradise, etc., which has added to the beauty and uniqueness of his poems and has been able to present the virtues and virtues of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

earning the thought of Uthmania as the revengers of Uthman and the influence of this thought in different branches of science and the formation of the " Uthmania School of Historiography" is a significant issue. Since the confrontation with Ali ibn Abi Talib and the belief in the illegitimacy of his caliphate is accepted in thought of Uthmania as one of the most important principles of this thought, knowing the type of approach of the historians of this school in depicting the character of that Imam and how their portrayal of events during his rule has great importance. The present research, with descriptive and analytical methods, tries to investigate and analyze the viewpoint of the historians of this school towards Ali and the events of his caliphate.Based on the data of the research, the historians of this school aligned with the policies of their Umayyad rulers and supporters tried to create a different and unrealistic image of Ali's character and the events of his caliphate by falsifying and distorting some reports.Keywords: Uthmania, Ali, Uthmania School of Historiography, Muawiya, Bani Umayya

The article "Defense and Validation in Shii and Sunni Tradition:The Case of Muhammad b. Abi Bakr" among the valuable articles of Mrs. Yazagi, which has a new perspective and approach in dealing with the hadith, historical and narrative figures of the early days of Islam, and can be used as a model for historical, narrative and even royal studies. By analyzing the content of the existing narratives about Muhammad bin Abi Bakr in the Shiite and Sunni sources, the author has challenged Islamic narrative writing; From his point of view, Muslim narrators have reported events from the point of view of their religion as a result of getting involved in religious disputes. The methodical and content evaluation of this article indicates that despite the author's relatively innovative approach in the study of historical figures, due to some methodological problems, not all of his findings can be confirmed. Besides, ignoring some information sources such as royal sources and some historical sources as well as some content problems are among the most important problems of this study.